Two things would
cause the sky to fall at our house when I was a kid. You must be pretty close to the dinner table
at twelve noon. If you weren’t, you
would hear about it.
If there was no
water in the kitchen or bathroom, everything came to a halt. Diagnosing and healing the waterworks took
priority.
The pasture well
only malfunctioned during the warm months when the cattle were in the
pasture. The house well could go haywire
anytime, summer or winter. The pasture
waterworks were fairly simple, needing no pressure other than gravity. The house water was much more complicated.
In the first place
the well supplying water for the house is four or five hundred yards from the
house, quite a distance to pump and pipe water using only wind power. Second, some pressure was required to get
water to flow from kitchen and bath faucets.
Historically,the
“tank house” supplied the pressure using gravity. The tank would be housed in a tower of sorts,
about twelve or fifteen feet above the ground. The tower and tank had to be housed to keep
water from freezing in the winter. The
windmill would raise the water and dump it into the top of the tank. Usually the tank house would be built right
beside the well and windmill.
A pipe ran from
the bottom of the tank and had to be buried about three feet beneath ground
level to prevent it from freezing. That
pipe would go underground into house basement or crawl space before resurfacing
to supply house water.
I don’t remember much of this but am relying
on what I have heard. Dad and Uncle
Walter built our tank house (I do remember the tank house) by our well, but
even with the tank full, the water would barely drip out of house faucets due
to the distance the water had to flow.
So they built
skids and put them under the tank house and used a tractor to drag it up next
to the house. The tank was replumbed
into the system.
The problem now to be solved was how to get
the water from the well to the distant tank house. The answer was a second pump cylinder at the
top of the well. It forced the water
through the pipe running to the tank house.
The windmill now did double duty.
It raised the water from the well on the rod’s upstroke. The down stroke forced the water at the top
of the well through the horizontal pipe to the tank house.
Pumping water manually from this well was
twice the work. On the pasture well,
pushing down on the pump handle raised the pump rod with the water. Gravity helped push the rod back down so the
upstroke wasn’t so hard. But with the
double cylinder set up, you had to pull the handle up to force the rod down
because it was under pressure from all the water the upper cylinder was pushing
to the tank house.
It was a lot of
work digging the trench for the pipe. It
had to be deep enough to be below frost level.
Some of it was done with tractor and plow, but a lot had to be done by
hand. It is steel pipe that has to be
connected joint by joint. I can only
imagine the disappointment when the tank in its original location was filled by
a day or two of windmill pumping and no water would run from any taps.
The tank house
successfully moved and installed still presented challenges, the main one being
how to keep the standpipe, the one from tank to mother earth, from
freezing. Dad built a square 1”X12”
housing for the standpipe and insulated it, but there were still below-zero
mornings when we were “out of water”.
The pipe was frozen.
One answer was to
put a kerosene lantern at the base of the pipe chase. The lantern kept the pipe from freezing, but it
started a fire or two in the pipe chase.
In my memory, I open the tank house door
(which we often did in summer to get a cool drink directly from the hose bibb
faucet coming out of the pipe chase) to the smell of charred wood and wet
dirt. As my eyes adjust to the darkness
I can see the blackened 1”X12”’s and the remnants of burnt paper from the
insulation. A quart tin juice can with
the top cut out provided a drinking vessel, or you could just get down on your
knees and cock your head so the water ran from the faucet directly into your
mouth. When the faucet was cracked
open, best for getting a drink without getting water in your nose, it made a
sound like a cat hissing. It tasted best
that way, flavored with the mud and charred wood smells.
Another problem
that probably led to the end of the tank house, the wooden tank always
leaked. Eventually the timbers that
supported the tank rotted from the moisture.
There was always mud in the floorless tank house, anyway. I can still smell the interior of the tank
house even if I can’t describe it accurately.
With the second
cylinder in the well pump system, the house well had one more mechanism to
maintain. When the well stopped
supplying water, sometimes it would be only the top cylinder that had to be
repaired. For that process there was the
“well chain”. It was a light chain with inch
and a half round wooden shaft about twenty inches long and about the size of a
stair hand rail wired to the last link of the chain.
Dad straddled the
wooden handle and let himself down into the top of the well opening. One of us would hold the chain tight to help
support him and keep the wooden “seat” from escaping his legs. It was a tight fit. The top of the well was a fifty-gallon drum
he had to slide into to get to the cylinder.
The pump and pipe were somewhere in the center of the barrel, so he had
to share the fifty-gallon drum with the hand pump base and the pipes.
He usually still
had his hat on as he started down the well opening. When his head got down to the pump base, he
would realize he needed to take his hat off or lose it down the well. One of us would take it from him and he would
drop down below the pump until he hit the end of the chain, which would then
become his seat as he commenced getting the cylinder loose. He would have tied the upper end of the chain
to a windmill leg. He must have known
where to knot the chain around the windmill leg. I don’t ever remember him having to redo the
chain length because he was too high or low to do his work.
The upper
cylinder was an inch and a half brass tube.
It was much smaller in diameter than the main pump cylinder. Dad would unscrew the cylinder. A piece of wire with a hook to catch the
cylinder and tied to the pipes above it would hold the cylinder up out of the
way while he removed and replaced the leathers.
I don’t remember for sure, but I think he had to uncouple the pump rod
to do the job.
Once the new
leathers were in place, the brass cylinder had to be forced over the new, stiff
leathers and rethreaded to its base. Dad
would get the first leather started into the cylinder. I remember trying to find a suitable way of
driving the cylinder down onto the new leathers. It had to be done carefully so as not to drop
down the well whatever tool (pipe wrench?) was being used to beat on the top of
the cylinder. When both the leathers
were all the way into the cylinder, then things would go easier. Dad could force the brass down to the base,
start the threads and tighten it with a pipe wrench.
Dad would hand
up the pipe wrenches and anything else he might have and begin crawling out of
the well. Again, the above-ground helper
would assist by pulling up on the chain.
Once his hips were out, he could sit on the cement edge and gather his
wits and his strength.
If the lower
cylinder leathers had to be replaced, someone had to ride the well chain down
to disconnect the cross pipe that went horizontally to the tank house. Nowadays, that connection about five or six
feet down from the surface would be made with a flexible pipe of some kind that
allows you to pull the well pipe up high enough to do the disconnecting above
ground, but we never had that luxury.
Every well-pulling job began with someone descending beneath the manual
pump assembly and breaking the union loose.
The chain hoist had to be assembled in the windmill tower and hooked to
the hand pump to carry the weight of the pipe and pump. The pipe union was hard enough to break loose
with the weight of the pump off of it.
If the horizontal pipe was supporting the weight of the pump, you would
never get the union loose.
Likewise, when
the well work was done and the pump and well pipe back in place, someone had to
descend into the well’s mouth and reconnect the horizontal pipe to the well
pipe. Then the pump platform could be
reassembled and the windmill returned to service.
Since we never
knew when the pump leathers would need replacing, we kept a supply on
hand. They were shelved in the “little
room” in the shop. The shop’s first
incarnation was the Ramsey school house, the “little room” on one wall bearing
bookshelves.
One winter a few
days after a well operation, the water began to taste and smell like
Weed-Be-Gone. (I never really tasted
weed spray before that, so I really can’t make that comparison.) A little detective work revealed that a jar
of 2-4D on a shelf in the shop above the leathers had frozen hard enough to
break. Of course the liquid thawed and
dripped down to the shelves below. The
leathers must have been saturated in the stuff.
Had it been
summer, we could have emptied the tank on the lawn or trees. It wasn’t summer. We didn’t.
We drank it, cooked with it, washed dishes in it, bathed in it, watered
the violets with it, laundered clothes and flushed the stool with it. The
cattle drank it, too.
I don’t know how
long the flavor lasted. I guess we got
used to it and didn’t notice as the bouquet gradually faded. Did the flavored water have an adverse effect
on our health?
I remember one
subzero breakdown. I was too young to be
out in the cold. Dad built a fire near
the well using scrap wood and two old rubber tires. The “boys”, my two older brothers, got to help.
The well had to be pulled. They
kept the idle tools near the fire in an attempt to keep them, and thus their
hands, warm. I don’t know how they dealt
with the water that spilled every time they loosened a pipe joint. I can only imagine the ice that formed making
the well platform slippery and increasing the risk of falling down the
well. What I do remember was the old
tires giving off a wonderful black smoke as they burned. I watched from the house’s east window.
I remember
another winter well malfunction. I was
dressed and ready to take off for school.
Dad came into the yard from a trip to the windmill. He said I would have to stay home from school
and help him pull the pump. For some
reason Neighborly was there. He told me,
“Go on to school. I’ll help with the
well.” I did, and he did. Going to school was better than winter well
work.
Eventually, the
tank house’s day came. Dad planned a
cistern. The first step was to dig out a
hole exactly the size of the tank house’s inside dimensions. We were inveterate cave diggers, so digging a
hole that size was right up our alley.
The dirt was wet from all the years of drips and the water that escaped
from the spigot and didn’t get drunk or captured in a jug or pale. In places it was muddy, but after getting
down a foot or so, it was okay.
I wasn’t much
help after the first layer or two. I
couldn’t throw the dirt out of the tank house door. It got dug.
Dad made forms out of old one-inch lumber. He bought water proof cement. We hauled loads of gravel from the pasture
creek. We put the auger engine on the
cement mixer and we ran concrete.
We also dug a
pit just to the north to house a new electric pump with forty gallon pressure
tank. It was also formed and cemented,
but not water proof cement. Nate
Einertson installed the new pump and we were ready to switch from gravity flow
pressure to electric powered pressure.
We didn’t use any
rebar when we ran the cement for the cistern. We used the cistern for
quite a few years, but it was always problematic. It leaked.
One day we would have a cistern full of water. A few hours later the pump would be sucking
air. I couldn’t count all the times we
drained the cistern, mopped it out and patched cracks. It was nice to have the good pressure we
never had with the tank house. But it
was less reliable than the old tank house system in a way. Every time we had to repair the cistern, we
would be without water for at least a day while we did the work, and then
allowed the patchwork to set up before turning the windmill loose to fill the
cistern again.
Enter Francis
“Babe” Eastwood into the picture. He
convinced the folks to drill a new well, install a submersible pump and pump
directly into a new pressure tank, eliminating the cistern. So they drilled a new well just a few feet
north of the old well. The submersible
pump eliminated the windmill, the old pump system and the pressure pump in the
pit next door.
It worked pretty
well when the pressure tank was full.
But when Mom washed clothes, the tank would get low and the submersible
pump pumping all that way through the ¾” pipe couldn’t begin to keep up, not to
mention when the lawn needed watered. Eastwood
was consulted again.
Sometime in the
late sixties or early seventies, a precast concrete cistern was dug in east of
the old cistern that now housed the pressure tank. A pressure pump was again a necessity. It was placed in the old cistern with the new
pressure tank. That system remains in
service. We are on the second
submersible pump, the original one destroyed by a lightning bolt that hit the
garage and entered the farm electrical system via the garage door openers.
We are on the
third pressure pump, one having frozen and fracturing the pump casting during a
colder-than usual winter. Another burned
out a bearing in the motor.
To run the
submersible pump, we had to trench in three heavy cables from the farmyard to
the well. The first cables were
aluminum. The aluminum proved to be
unreliable. In the ‘90’s, we laid copper
cables in PVC pipe to help protect the wires from vermin and weather. Take away the lightning strike and we are
fairly trouble free.
An advantage of
having Eastwood as our well man was he was, and now his sons are, there when
you need them. One 4th of
July, I mowed too close to the cistern and hit a surface pipe that connected
two electrical sensors that control the well pump. When I saw what I had done, I immediately
called Eastwood, forgetting it was a holiday.
He came out early that afternoon and undid my damage.
No one has had to
go down into a well for forty years.
Both wells are now drilled wells.
When we are out of water, we just call Eastwood.